Card counting systems

Knock-Out card counting

The profile table below states the level of the system and its balance.

Knock-Out suits a player who wants to bet without dividing anything.

System profile

MeasureValue
Level1
BalancedNo
Ace neutralNo

Card tag values

The table gives the tag value for every card rank.

The rank shown as ten covers every ten and every face card.

Tag values published by QFIT (Norm Wattenberger), Huntington Press / Las Vegas Advisor.
Card rankTag value
2+1
3+1
4+1
5+1
6+1
7+1
80
90
10-1
A-1

Running count start

The running count starts at the value the formula below returns.

The count starts below zero, and the offset depends on the deck count.

A full shoe then finishes at the same value for every deck count.

MeasureValue
Formula4 - 4 * decks

Start value per deck count

Decks in the shoeStarting running count
10
2-4
4-12
5-16
6-20
8-28

True count conversion

The true count scales the running count to the decks left.

The formula below is derived by the desk, not quoted from a source.

The algebra is reproduced in the trainer test suite and checked on every build.

MeasureValue
Formula4 + (running_count - 4) / decks_remaining

Efficiency figures

The two efficiency figures state what the count predicts well.

Efficiency figures published by QFIT (Norm Wattenberger).
MeasureValue
Betting correlation0.98
Playing efficiency0.55
Insurance correlationn.a.

Index plays

Knock-Out borrows the Hi-Lo index numbers and applies them to the Knock-Out true count.

MeasureValue
ConventionAct at or above the index true count.

Below the index the player plays basic strategy.

Read the Hi-Lo index table

Published exceptions against a dealer ten

Three plays against a dealer ten are published as running counts.

The source states the three plays as running counts, so the table keeps them.

PlayPlayer handDealer up cardCritical running count
StandHard 14Dealer 10crc(7)
SurrenderHard 14Dealer 10crc(2)
SurrenderHard 13Dealer 10crc(6)

Critical running count formula

The source states a critical running count for a given true count.

The formula below uses the start at zero formulation from that source.

MeasureValue
Formulacrc(t) = 4 * decks + (t - 4) * decks_remaining

Pivot

The pivot is a running count, not a true count.

The pivot value below comes from the same source as the start count.

MeasureValue
Pivot running count+4

Key counts

We sourced one key count, for a shoe of two decks.

The other key counts are not published, so the table states that.

Decks in the shoeValue
1n.a.
2+1
4n.a.
5n.a.
6n.a.
8n.a.

Where these figures come from

Every tag value and every figure on this page traces to a source below.

Review and provenance